# BPC-157 References: The Cited Studies Behind the Reviewed Record

> BPC-157 references: the full citation list behind this reviewed digest, from the transected-tendon and VEGFR2 angiogenesis studies to the human pilots and the FDA 503A record.

Every quantitative claim on this site maps to one of the studies and FDA pages below, by its bracketed number.

## How to read this list

Every bracketed marker across the digest — [1], [2], and so on — resolves to a numbered entry below. Preclinical and clinical studies link to their PubMed records; the regulatory entries link to the specific FDA pages they support. The [full reference list](/references) is the spine of the review: a confidence grade is only as honest as the citation under it.

## References

[1] Staresinic M, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. J Orthop Res. 2003;21(6):976-983. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14554208/
[2] He L, et al. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157, a potential drug for treating various wounds, in rats and dogs. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1026182. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36588717/
[3] Hsieh MJ, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2017;95(3):323-333. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27847966/
[4] Xue XC, et al. Protective effects of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on gastric ulcer in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2004;10(7):1032-1037. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15052688/
[5] Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 May Counteract Myocardial Infarction Induced by Isoprenaline in Rats. Biomedicines. 2022;10(2):265. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35203478/
[6] Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Useful Cytoprotective Peptide Therapy in the Heart Disturbances. Biomedicines. 2022;10(11):2696. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36359218/
[7] Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy for Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats Leads to Prevention and Reversal. Biomedicines. 2021;9(7):822. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34356886/
[8] Huang T, et al. Body protective compound-157 enhances alkali-burn wound healing in vivo and promotes proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in vitro. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015;9:2485-2499. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25995620/
[9] Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in the therapy of the rats with bile duct ligation. Eur J Pharmacol. 2019;847:130-142. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30690000/
[10] Lee E, Padgett B. Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain. Altern Ther Health Med. 2021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34324435/
[11] Lee E, Burgess K. Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40131143/
[12] McGuire FP, et al. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40789979/
[13] Lee E, Walker C, Ayadi B. Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39325560/
[14] Protective Effects of BPC 157 on Liver, Kidney, and Lung Distant Organ Damage in Rats with Acute Pancreatitis. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025;61(2):291. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40005408/
[15] Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide — Literature and Patent Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025;18(2):185. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40005999/
[16] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding That May Present Significant Safety Risks (Category 2 entries for 'BPC-157 (free base)' and 'BPC-157 acetate'; effective with the September 29, 2023 update). https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks
[17] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (BPC-157, KPV, TB-500, and MOTs-C listed as bulk drug substances being considered for inclusion on the 503A Bulks List). https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/july-23-24-2026-meeting-pharmacy-compounding-advisory-committee-07232026
[18] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act (Category 1 and Category 2 definitions; 503A/503B framework; January 7, 2025 interim-policy update). https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503a-fdc-act
[19] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Interim Policy on Compounding Using Bulk Drug Substances Under Section 503A of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (guidance landing page; finalized January 2025). https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/interim-policy-compounding-using-bulk-drug-substances-under-section-503a-federal-food-drug-and

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Each BPC-157 finding here is graded by how far the evidence actually reaches — established in animals, pilot-only in humans, or no human data at all — and the FDA 503A status is read first; reviewed by no clinic, and nothing here is dispensed or sold.